Showing posts with label Ukraine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ukraine. Show all posts

Thursday, March 5, 2009

COHEN: Russia's gas war

Despite feverish negotiations with participation of the European Union, Russia and Ukraine failed to agree on resolution of the gas dispute between them. Mutual disdain escalated haggling and acrimony between leaders in Moscow and Kiev to hysterical pitch.
With 11 people frozen to death, and tens of thousands shivering, this is a humanitarian disaster caused by the worst energy crisis in Europe since the 1973 Arab oil embargo. Whole towns in Eastern Europe remain without heat. Not surprisingly, Russia is losing its reputation as a reliable supplier of gas, and Europeans are hopping mad.

The clash is over the price of natural gas as well as over geopolitics. Russia, a major exporter, wants top dollar. Ukraine, an importer - but also the site of a key pipeline delivering Russian gas to the rest of Europe - wants bargain prices and higher fees for transit.
On Jan. 1, 2009, things turned ugly. According to the Russian state-owned monopoly Gazprom, Ukraine owed more than $600 million in penalties for late payments. That's when Russia began reducing gas supplies to Ukraine amidst frigid temperatures: 10 degrees Celsius lower than average. The initial reduction affected six countries. Today, the crisis extends to 13 countries from the Balkans to the Baltics.

With temperatures as low as zero Fahrenheit, the demand for heating is growing, mitigated only by declining industrial production. Ukraine used to pay for gas way below Europe's market prices, while Kiev is trying to deny Russian accusations of siphoning off gas earmarked for the Europeans. But Moscow's demands go beyond greed.
The crisis is about more than gas, though. Ukraine is a key energy transit state. Moscow is also signaling the Ukrainians, Europe and the United States that Ukraine should remain within the Russian sphere of influence, and NATO is a no-no.
The crisis demonstrates Europe's strategic dependence on Russian gas. In the long term, the situation must change, to keep Europe from falling hostage to Russia.
Russia has long used energy as a geopolitical weapon. And Ukraine left itself vulnerable by failing to diversify its energy basket away from the cheap Russian gas, clean up corruption, and modernize its own energy sector. Today, Ukraine consumes as much energy as Germany, but produces only 10 percent of German GDP.

Worse, Kiev failed to develop a coherent policy toward its Russian supplier. This is because shady intermediaries, like Swiss-based RosUkrEnergo, in charge of sales of the Russian and Turkmen gas, allegedly greased palms of senior officials in both countries until October of 2008.


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Kremlin snubbed as Russia, Ukraine plan gas crisis talks

MOSCOW (AFP) — Russia and Ukraine agreed Thursday to hold new talks on their gas war as Europe batted aside a Kremlin proposal for a summit in Moscow to resolve a feud that has left millions of Europeans freezing.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Russia was in danger of losing its credibility as an energy supplier because of the gas cutoff to Europe, and France said supplies should resume before any summit takes place.
The European Union presidency, chaired by the Czech Republic, said EU member states agreed that the gas row between Russia and Ukraine will have "significant" economic and political consequences for both nations.
British Prime Minister Gordon Brown was to hold talks in London on Thursday with Ukraine's President Viktor Yushchenko, Brown's office said.
Speaking during a visit to Berlin ahead of the meeting, Brown said the crisis "re-emphasised to the world the need to diversify energy supplies."
Yushchenko further upped the stakes by telling Russian President Dmitry Medvedev by telephone that Moscow should pump the full 330 million cubic metres a day due to European consumers, which Ukraine would then pass on to Europe.

Russia has accused Ukraine of blocking a partial resumption of supplies.
A spokesman for Vladimir Putin said the powerful Russian prime minister would meet Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko in Moscow on Saturday to discuss efforts to get Russian gas through Ukraine to European consumers.
Putin proposed to the head of Italian energy giant ENI that European firms form a consortium to buy the gas needed to ensure the transit of Russian gas to Europe.
Putin was expected to hold talks with Merkel in Berlin on Friday that are likely to be overshadowed by Russia's move to turn off gas supplies to Ukraine, which it accuses of not paying energy debts and siphoning off gas.

"The danger that Russia will also lose part of its credibility because of these interruptions of supplies is certainly one that exists, and tomorrow in my talks with... Putin, I will have to address this issue," Merkel said.
The European Union said it was prepared to send the Czech energy minister, representing the EU presidency, and the EU energy commissioner to take part in the Russia-Ukraine meeting in Moscow on Saturday.
EU ambassadors met with the Czech EU presidency and agreed that "the current situation is damaging the credibility of Russia and Ukraine as reliable supply and transit countries," the EU presidency said in a statement.
The 27 members felt "this situation will have significant financial, economic and political consequences for both countries," it added.
But the EU has so far held off on responding to Kremlin leader Medvedev's proposal to hold a broader summit of all the countries affected by the gas crisis, including consumers and transit nations, also in Moscow the same day.
After an invitation by the Kremlin to European leaders to attend the summit, France responded that Russia and Ukraine should resume gas exports to Europe first while the EU presidency said the meeting should be held in Europe.
"As long as gas deliveries from Russia and Ukraine have not resumed in line with their commitments, conditions are not ripe for a summit," said Eric Chevallier, a French foreign ministry spokesman.

The EU, which has voiced growing concern over the crisis as gas stocks in Europe run low, said the summit should not be held in Moscow but on EU territory -- a view echoed by the Ukrainian leadership.
Medvedev extended a personal invitation to Yushchenko and to Moldovan President Vladimir Voronin to attend the "Moscow international conference" on Saturday in telephone calls on Thursday, the Kremlin press service said.
Gas-fired central heating has been reduced or cut off for millions of Europeans in the crisis, schools have been shut down and factories closed as a huge swathe of central Europe and the Balkans struggles to cope.
The EU depends on Russian gas via Ukraine for a fifth of its total supplies.
The EU has sent emergency aid including electric heaters and generators to crisis-hit Moldova, while Slovakia has warned it faces a complete electricity blackout in a week if it receives no Russian gas.
Russia cut off supplies to Ukraine's domestic market on New Year's Day in a payment dispute and then halted deliveries to Europe via Ukraine on January 7, saying it was forced to do so because Kiev was stealing the gas.


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