State Economic Enterprises and Privatization

An important tool of etatism to further government economic policies, State Economic Enterprises (SEEs) are variously organized, but the government owns at least a 50 percent share in each of them. SEEs are set up by the government, and each has a board that reflects the ownership of the particular SEE, combining government representatives, who direct the enterprise, with private interests. During the etatist industrialization campaign of the 1930s, the government set up many industrial SEEs. In the mid-1990s, SEEs continue to dominate sectors considered to be of national importance or sectors where private investors have hesitated to invest because capital requirements are too great in light of expected returns.

SEEs include national transportation, communications, and energy enterprises; banks that own companies, in particular branches such as textiles or refining; and conglomerates with holdings in many fields. Some SEEs control companies in which ownership is shared with private and foreign investors. In 1964 the State Investment Bank was established to provide long-term investment credits to SEEs. Credits from the Central Bank of Turkey, transfers from the Treasury, and capital markets also finance SEEs.

In the mid-1990s, SEEs accounted for more than 40 percent of value added in manufacturing and employed about 550,000 workers, or about 20 percent of the industrial work force. Until 1980 SEEs set their prices in accordance with government directives, but after the introduction of that year’s reform package, they were expected to set prices independently. Nevertheless, prices of some major commodities, such as fertilizers, continue to be determined by the government. SEEs also influence markets, especially those for agricultural goods, by establishing guaranteed minimum prices for commodities.

Aside from their role in industrial development, SEEs are charged with social goals. The farm-support program stabilizes farmers’ incomes, while low consumer prices for food, energy, and transportation help the urban poor. SEEs also provide training and employ surplus university graduates and constituents of influential politicians, contributing to overstaffing. Some SEEs are placed in underdeveloped regions to spur industrial development, a practice that increases transportation and infrastructure costs.
READ MORE............ http://sigmablog.sigmaforex.com/forex-blog/index.php

[SigmaForex White Label]

Forex White Label Program

As your partner, our goal is to support you through the planning and launch phases and beyond to ensure a mutually successful and long-term business relationship
Establish your brand in the Forex Brokerage industry.

Our Forex White Label program is for individuals and institutions that want to establish a brand name and a presence in the Forex industry. As a white label partner, you will be provided with a platform branded with your name and logo as well as content for your introducing broker website. Also Sigma white label partner program enables banks and brokers to satisfy their customers' demand for online trading tools. Our trading solutions enable you to harness and develop already existing customer trading relationships and extract greater returns from them whilst streamlining internal trading operations and rendering them as efficient as possible.

You will also enjoy our 24-hour market, full service of back office support, and other administrative and support functions.

Ideal candidates for the Forex white label program include:

• Financial services firms that want to establish a new Forex brokerage division. For example, banks, insurance companies, etc.
• Trading firms and/or online brokers that want to offer a greater range of products to their customers. you will be providing your clients with a great value-added service while increasing the profitability of your firm.
• Companies offering Forex tools and advisory services - This can be websites or newsletters that provide an analysis of the Forex or futures market, advisory businesses, etc. that want to expand their web presence by offering online Forex trading capabilities to their existing client base.
• Forex White Label Introducing Brokers will enjoy the most advanced Forex trading software in the market. The web-based white label trading platform provides real time, streaming currency prices and instantaneous one click execution, real time management of currency positions, in addition to complete back office support and reporting features. Along with other tools to help traders make trading decisions. The software is also compatible with most operating systems. This means that your customers can trade currencies from any computer, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day.

If you want to discuss your potential Forex White Label Introducing Brokerage business with us via mail